An automobile's bumper is the front-most or rear-most part, ostensibly designed to allow the car to sustain an impact without damage to the vehicle's safety systems scion. They are not capable of reducing injury to vehicle  occupants in high speed impacts, but are increasingly being designed to mitigate injury to pedestrians struck by cars xb.

• The requirements promulgated xb under MVICS were consolidated with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Number 215 (FMVSS 215, "Exterior Protection of Vehicles") and promulgated in March 1976. This new xb bumper standard was placed in the United States Code of Federal Regulations at 49CFR581, separate from the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards at 49CFR571. The new requirements, applicable to 1979-model passenger cars, were called the Phase I standard. At the same time, a zero-damage xb requirement, Phase II, was enacted for bumper systems on 1980 and newer cars. The most rigorous requirements applied to 1980 through 1982 model vehicles; 5 miles per hour (8 km/h) front and rear barrier and pendulum crash tests were required, and no damage was xb allowed to the xb bumper beyond a 3/8 in (10 mm) dent and 3/4 in (19 mm) displacement from the bumper original position bumper.

Facing pressure from automakers, and xb operating under the Reagan administration's xb bumper pledge to reduce regulatory burdens on industry, NHTSA most recently amended the bumper standard in May 1982, xb halving the front and rear crash test speeds for 1983 and newer car bumpers from 5 miles per hour (8 km/h) to 2.5 miles per hour (4 km/h), and the corner crash test speeds from 3 miles per hour (5 km/h) to 1.5 miles per hour (2 km/h). In addition, the zero-damage Phase II requirement bumper was rolled back to the damage allowances of Phase I. At the same time, a passenger car bumper height requirements of 16 to 20 inches (41-51 cm) was established for passenger cars.At that time, NHTSA promised to conduct research and xb testing to provide xb consumers with accurate xb information on the quality of new car bumpers, but no such information has been provided.xb

A bumper sticker is an adhesive label or sticker with a message, intended to be xb attached to the bumper xb of an automobile and to be read by the occupants of other vehicles - although they are often stuck onto other objects. Most bumper stickers are about 30 cm by 8 cm (12 in by 3 in) and are often made of PVC bumper.