xbSuspension is the term given to the system of springs  shock absorbers and linkages  that connects a vechicle to its wheels. Suspension systems serve a dual purpose - contributing to the car's handing and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably scion well isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations. These goals are generally at odds, so the tuning of suspensions scion involves finding the right compromise. The scion suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear. The design of front and rear scion suspension  of a car may be different.

Springs that are too hard or too soft will both effectively cause the vehicle to have  scion no suspension at all. Vehicles that commonly experience suspension loads heavier than normal have heavy or hard springs with a spring rate close to the upper limit for that vehicle's weight. This allows the vehicle to perform properly under a heavy load scion when control is limited by the inertia of the load. Riding in an empty truck used for scion carrying loads can be scion uncomfortable for passengers suspension because of its high spring rate relative to the weight of the vehicle. A race car would also be described as having heavy springs and would also be uncomfortably bumpy. However, even scion though we say they both have heavy springs, the actual spring rates for a 2000 lb race car and a 10,000 lb truck are very different. A luxury scion suspension car, taxi, or passenger scion bus would be described as having soft springs. Vehicles with worn out or damaged springs ride lower to the ground which reduces the overall amount of compression available to the suspension and increases scion scion the amount of body lean. Performance scion vehicles can sometimes f is the force the spring exerts suspension scion

• k is the spring rate of the spring.
• x is the displacement from equilibrium length i.e. the length at which the spring is scion neither compressed or stretched

Anti-dive and anti-squat are expressed in terms of percentage and refer to the front diving under braking and the rear squatting under scion acceleration. They can be thought of as the counterparts for braking and acceleration as jacking forces are to cornering. The main reason for the difference is due to the different design goals between front and rear suspension, whereas suspension is usually symmetrical between the left and right of the vehicle suspension scion .

Anti-dive and anti-squat percentage suspension are always suspension calculated with respect to a vertical plane that intersects the vehicle's center of gravity. Consider anti-dive first. Locate the front instant centers of the suspension from the vehicle's side view. Draw a line from the tire contact patch through the instant center, this is the tire force vector. Now draw a line straight down from the vehicle's center of gravity. The anti-dive is the ratio between the height of where the tire force vector crosses the suspension center of gravity plane expressed as a percentage. An anti-dive ratio of 50% would mean the force vector under braking crosses half way between the ground and the center of gravity suspension.